The 29-year-old's attorney, Laura Wasser, filed divorce papers in Los Angeles Superior Court Friday, citing irreconcilable differences.
Kardashian also asked that her married name, Khloe Kardashian Odom, be restored to Khloe Kardashian.
The couple married on Sept. 27, 2009.
The divorce comes at a tumultuous time in Odom's life. Reports have circulated that Kardashian was trying to help him get clean from alleged drug abuse. He is reportedly fighting an addition to crack cocaine.
On Wednesday, Odom's attorney pleaded no contest to driving under the influence in connection with his August arrest.
He was sentenced to three years' probation and three months of alcohol abuse treatment.
He was also ordered to pay nearly $2,000 in fines.
Odom played for the Clippers last season. He is now a free agent.
