Officials said the incident happened in the 1700 block of Fifth Avenue in the Arlington Heights area at about 8:30 a.m.
Police said the homeowner was watching TV when two men entered the home.
In self-defense, the homeowner shot and killed one burglar, according to police.
The man was pronounced dead at the scene inside the home.
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Police are still searching for the second burglary suspect.
Officials said the homeowner is cooperating with detectives.