Protecting yourself against scammers means doing your homework, and there are websites that can actually help.
Charity Watch, Charity Navigator, Guide Star and the Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance offer ratings about different charities.
Don't allow yourself to be pressured by unsolicited calls.
And if you make a donation online, make sure the URL begins with "https." That ensures the website is secure.
It's also encouraged that you record your donation and make sure it corresponds with your financial statements.
Also be careful you don't accidentally sign up for recurring donations, which some charities sneak in.
It can be daunting, and in the end, it may make sense to stick with charities you know and trust.